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O =7 Final ReviewSDeadlock Memory Management & Virtual Memory I/O & File Systems Distributed systems Deadlocks  5A computer has six tapes drives, with n processes competing for them. Each process many need two drives. For which values of n is the system deadlock free? One way to prevent deadlocks is to eliminate the hold-and-wait condition. In the text it was proposed that before asking for a new resource, a process must first release whatever resources it already holds (assuming that is possible). However, doing so introduces the danger that it may get the new resource but lose some of the existing ones to competing processes. Propose an improvement to this scheme. V3&VB"Memory Management & Virtual Memory## The Intel 8086 processor does not support VM. Nevertheless, some companies previously sold systems that contained an unmodified 8086 CPU and do paging. How did they do it? Hint: Think about the logical location of the MMU. The Unix kernel will dynamically grow a process stack in VM as needed, but it will never try to shrink it. If a program calls a subroutine that allocates a 10KB local array on the stack. The kernel will expand the stack segment to accommodate it. When the subroutine returns, the stack pointer is adjusted and this space could be released by the kernel, but it is not released. Explain. A computer whose processes have 1024 pages in their address spaces keeps its page tables in memory. The overhead for reading a word from page table is 5 nsec. To reduce it, the computer has a TLB (with 32 entries), and can do a look up in 1 nsec. What hit rate is needed to reduce the mean overhead to 2 nsec? Can a page be in two working sets at the same time? Explain. What is the cause for trashing? How does the system detect it? And what can the system do about it? PPP.6=dCI/O & File Systems Name one advantage of hard links over symbolic links and one of symbolic links over hard links. It has been suggested that the first part of each Unix file be kept in the same disk block as the i-node. What good would this do? What would happen if the disk s bitmap or free list was completely lost due to a crash? Is there any way to recover from this disaster? Why SSTF disk-head scheduling tends to favor middle cylinders over the inner/outermost cylinders?DDistributed Systems 9Some multicomputers allow running process to be migrated from one node to another. Is it sufficient to stop a process, freeze its memory image, and just ship off to a different node? Name to nontrivial problem that have to be solved to make this work? Can the URLs used in the Web exhibit location transparency? ::EWhat to expect? 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